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U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
MAPS SHOWING GEOLOGY, OIL AND GAS FIELDS, AND GEOLOGIC PROVINCES OF THE
ASIA PACIFIC REGION
Compiled By Douglas W. Steinshouer1, Jin Qiang2, Peter J. McCabe3, and
Robert T. Ryder4
1Contractor to the U.S.G.S. MS 939, Box 25046, Denver Federal
Center, Denver, CO 80225
2Dept. of Resources, University of Petroleum, Dongying, Shandong,
257062, P.R.C.
3U.S. Geological Survey MS 939, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center,
Denver, CO 80225
4U.S. Geological Survey MS 956, National Center, 12201 Sunrise
Valley Drive, Reston, VA 22092
Open- File Report 97-479F
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with
U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature.
Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
Portions of this database covering the coastline and country boundaries
contain intellectual property of Environmental SystemsResearch Institute,
Inc. (ESRI), and are used herein with permission. End users are permitted
to use these data for their own internal use, including any derivative
work, but are prohibited from using and redistributing these data
individually or in a derivative work to third parties. Portions covering
the geology of the Far East contain intellectual property of the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ⌐1990.
Portions covering the geology of New Guinea, and Australia and vicinity
contain intellectual property of the Australian Geological Survey
Organisation ⌐1965 and 1967. Portions covering the geology of New
Zealand and vicinity contain intellectual property of the Institute of
Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Limited ⌐1971, all rights reserved.
GETTING STARTED
CONTENTS
CONTACT INFORMATION
METADATA
MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
GETTING STARTED
The digital data on this CD-ROM
can be viewed in three different formats:
Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format (pdf)
ESRI ArcExplorer Projects
ESRI Arcview Project
The Adobe Acrobat file is suggested for slower computers. It
provides graphic images of the Maps Showing Geology, Oil and Gas
Fields, and Geologic Provinces of the Asia Pacific Region. It
also features the accompanying Preface, Introduction, Contact
Information, Data Processing Steps and List of Geologic
Provinces. The maps can be zoomed and panned. The software
needed to view this file is included on this disk.
The ESRI ArcExplorer projects present the data in a simple GIS
format. Each map constitutes an individual project that can be
zoomed and panned. In addition, the data layers can be
queried. The necessary software is included on this disk.
The ESRI Arcview project offers a more sophisticated GIS
presentation of the data. The maps can be zoomed and panned.
The cartographic symbols are more refined and the data tables
can be queried. The software must be purchased from a vendor.
ADOBE ACROBAT PORTABLE DOCUMENT FORMAT (pdf)
If you do not have Acrobat Reader 3.0 installed on your
computer, you can install it from this disk. Open the acroread
directory. There you will find Acrobat installation programs and
instructions for either 16 bit or 32 bit installation on
Windows, Macintosh and Unix platforms. Select the appropriate
readme file for your operating system and follow the instructions
for installation.
If you already have Acrobat Reader 3.0, you can open aspac.pdf in
the aspac directory.
For fastest performance, it is suggested that you copy the file
to your hard drive. (Approximately 13 MB)
ESRI ARCEXPLORER
You must have Windows 95/98/NT
in order to access the ArcExplorer projects on this disk.
If you do not already have ArcExplorer 1.1 on your computer, you
can open the aspac directory, go to explorer\arcexplr.
The installation program is aeclient.exe.
If you have ArcExplorer 1.1 on your computer, you can find the
projects in the aspac\explorer directory.
There are three ArcExplorer projects on this disk:
fareast.AEP The Far East
seast.AEP Southeast Asia
aus_nz.AEP Australia and New Zealand
You can access these projects either by double clicking on the
icon of the project that you wish to view, or by starting
ArcExplorer: opening FILE, OPEN PROJECT, and browsing to the
desired project.
For fastest performance, it is suggested to copy the entire
aspac\explorer directory to your hard drive (approximately 25
MB). The directory is designed to be self-contained and requires
no other files.
ESRI ARCVIEWPROJECT
You must have Arcview 3.x installed on your computer
to access the Arcview project created by U.S.G.S.
There are two versions of the Arcview project found on this disk.
The one found in in the directory aspac/views03 can be viewed on any
platform where Arcview 3.x is already installed. Some modifications to
your system, explained below, are necessary.
The one found in the directory aspac\viewpc03 can be viewed on Windows
95/98/NT plaforms without any modification.
If your operating system is Windows 95/98/NT, you can access the
project aspac.apr in the directory aspac\viewpc03. Click here to
view data directory.
For faster performance, it is recommended that you copy the entire
directory aspac\viewpc03 to your hard drive (approximately 25
MB). This directory is designed to be self-contained and requires
no other files.
If you have another operating system, you must define an
environmental variable, AVDATA03, in order to access the project
in the directory aspac/views03. For a more comprehensive
discussion click here. To view data directory click here.
On a Macintosh platform modify the "startup" file in the
Preferences folder of the System folder with:
System.SetEnvVar ("AVDATA03", "OF97470F")
An example "startup" file, startup, can be found in the directory
aspac/views03, which can be dragged into the system icon.
For faster performance, it is recommended that you copy the entire
directory aspac/views03to your hard drive (approximately 25 MB).
Unix users will need to define AVDATA03 in the ".cshrc file." An
example file, reg3cshrc, can be found in the directory
aspac/views03.
Windows 95/98 users can define AVDATA03 in the autoexec.bat file
as follows:
SET AVDATA03 = < CD-ROM drive letter>:
For instance if your CD-ROM drive is drive f on your computer, set
this statement in your autoexec.bat:
SET AVDATA03 = f:
You must restart your computer for this change to take effect.
Windows NT users can define AVDATA03 by mouse clicking to START,
SETTINGS, CONTROL PANEL, SYSTEM, then ENVIRONMENT and defining
AVDATA03 as the variable, and the CD-ROM drive letter followed by
a colon as the value.
This Arcview project was developed in Arcview 3.0. When
opened in Arcview 3.1 there may be a message asking whether to
upgrade to 3.1 tools. It is suggested that the user respond
no. There will still be tools and buttons not intended in the
original project, but they have no impact on the functionality
of the project.
The interface has been simplified to make viewing easier.
Users wishing more functionality can create a new project with
the shapefiles provided. Shadesets containing geologic age
color and rock type fill pattern are also provided in the etc
directory with the project.
If a "segmentation violation" occurs when using the zoom or
pan tools, it is an indication that the Univers Medium font is
not present on your computer. Suggested solutions are either
to install the font, create a new project with the shapefiles
and shadesets provided, or the copy the project and alter the
avenue scripts to use a font that is present for labeling
cities and geologic age.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONTACT INFORMATION
Inquiries about this CD-ROM or the World Energy Project's effort in the
Asia Pacific Region should be addressed to:
Peter J. McCabe (Coordinator, Asia Pacific region)
U.S. Geological Survey MS 939
Box 25046
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
Tel: 303-236-7550
Email: pmccabe@usgs.gov
or
Robert T. Ryder
U.S. Geological Survey MS 956
National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 22092
Tel: 703-648-6492
Email: rryder@usgs.gov
Inquiries about the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project should
be addressed to:
Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (Coordinator, World Energy Project)
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
Tel: 303-236-5776
Email: ahlbrandt@usgs.gov
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONTENTS
Getting Started
Preface
Introduction
Data Processing Steps
Data Directory
Minimum System Requirements
Primary References
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PREFACE
This is one of a series of products resulting from the World Energy
Project of the U.S. Geological Survey. Inquiries about this CD-ROM or the
Project's effort in the Asia Pacific Region should be addressed to:
Peter J. McCabe (Coordinator, Asia Pacific region)
U.S. Geological Survey MS 939
Box 25046
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
Tel: 303-236-7550
Email: pmccabe@usgs.gov
or
Robert T. Ryder
U.S. Geological Survey MS 956
National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 22092
Tel: 703-648-6492
Email: rryder@usgs.gov
Inquiries about the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project should
be addressed to:
Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (Coordinator, World Energy Project)
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
Tel: 303-236-5776
Email: ahlbrandt@usgs.gov
The authors of the CD were responsible for the following aspects of
producing the maps:
Attribution of geologic outcrops:
Jin Qiang and Douglas Steinshouer
Designation of geologic provinces:
Peter McCabe, Robert Ryder, and Jin Qiang
GIS input and manipulation:
Douglas Steinshouer and Jin Qiang
Map Layout design:
Jin Qiang
CD-ROM implementation and design:
Douglas Steinshouer
Metadata:
Douglas Steinshouer
Coordination:
Peter McCabe
The authors gratefully acknowledge William S. Larson, U.S.G.S., Denver,
CO, for invaluable guidance and support in producing the Metadata and the
CD-ROM design.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTRODUCTION
These digitally compiled maps include geology, geologic provinces, and oil
and gas fields of the Asia Pacific Region. The maps are part of a
worldwide series of maps on CD-ROM released by the U.S. Geological
Survey's World Energy Project. The goal of the project is to assess the
undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the world
and report these results by the year 2000. For data management purposes,
the world was divided into eight energy regions corresponding
approximately to the economic regions of the world as defined by the U.S.
Department of State. The Asia Pacific Region (Region 3) includes
Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, The People's Republic of China, Fiji,
Indonesia, Japan, North and South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, New
Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore,
Solomon Islands, Thailand, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Vietnam.
Each region is divided into geologic provinces. Each province has a set
of geologic characteristics that distinguish it from surrounding
provinces. These characteristics may include the predominant lithologies,
the age of the strata, and the structural style. Some provinces include
multiple genetically-related basins. Geologic province boundaries are
delineated using data from a number of geologic maps and other tectonic
and geographic data (see References). Offshore province boundaries are
defined by the 2000 meter bathymetric contour. Each province is assigned
a unique number. Because geologic trends are independent of political
boundaries, some provinces overlap two regions. Those provinces that lie
entirely within the Asia Pacific Region begin with the number 3. Those
provinces that lie partly within another region may start with a 1, for
the Former Soviet Union (Persits and others 1998) or an 8, for South Asia
(Wandrey and Law, 1998).
The centerpoint locations of oil and gas fields are plotted based on the
locations in the Petroconsultants International Data Corp. (1996) database
with permission. Selected provinces are currently being investigated, by
petroleum system analysis, and assessments are being made of the
undiscovered oil and gas resource potential of these provinces. Klett and
others (1997) discuss the worldwide geologic provinces and their relative
ranking in terms of total known petroleum volume.
Specific details of the data sources and map compilation are given in the
metadata files on this CD-ROM. Some stratigraphic units are combined to
simplify the map and to ensure consistency across the region. All rocks
are colored by age. Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are not
differentiated, whereas igneous rocks and their types are indicated by
patterns superimposed on the appropriate age color.
These maps are compiled using Environmental Systems Research Institute
Inc. (ESRI) ARC/INFO software. Political boundaries and cartographic
representations on this map are taken, with permission from ESRI's
ArcWorld 1:3m digital coverage: they have no political significance and
are displayed as general reference only. Portions of this database
covering the coastline and country boundaries contain intellectual
property of ESRI. (⌐ 1992 and 1996, Environmental Systems Research
Institute Inc. All rights reserved.)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATA PROCESSING STEPS
The maps on this CD were digitally compiled and abstracted from the
following maps:
Geological Map of South and East Asia, Third Edition, 1990
A. Ghose, D. Chatterjee, and J. Banerjee,
UNESCO, Commission for Geological Map of the World,
Subcommission for South and East Asia
Scale 1:5,000,000
http://www.unesco.org/general/eng/index.html
Geological Map of the World: Australia and Oceania,
Sheets 6,7,11, and 12, 1965
Bureau of Mineral Resources
(now Australian Geological Survey Organisation)
Scale 1:5,000,000
http://www.agso.gov.au/
Geological Map of the World: Australia and Oceania,
Sheets 2, 3, and 8, 1967
Bureau of Mineral Resources
(now Australian Geological Survey Organisation)
Scale 1:5,000,000
http://www.agso.gov.au
Geological Map of the World: Australia and Oceania,
Sheets 9 and 13, 1971
New Zealand Geological Survey
(Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Limited)
Scale 1:5,000,000
http://www.gns.cri.nz
The following process steps were taken:
1. Gray-scale scanned images of the source maps were registered
and rectified in Arc/Info. In the case of the UNESCO maps, they were
registered to a composite of Arcworld country boundaries (shorelines) and
Arcworld water bodies projected to a Lambert projection with standard
parallels of 40 and 10 degrees North, and a central meridian of 70 degrees
East, with an average reported root mean square error of 600 meters. In
the case of the Australia and New Zealand maps they were registered to a
grid of latitude and longitude lines generated as an arc coverage in
Arc/Info and projected to the appropriate Lambert parameters for each map
sheet, with an average reported root mean square error of 350 meters.
2. Geologic contacts were then digitized on screen in Arcedit
using the scanned grey- scale images as a backdrop. Labels were applied
and attributed as the linework was digitized using special AML menus and
scripts. In the case of Australia and New Zealand,
the coverage being digitized was re-projected to match the source map
sheet. The original geologic attribution was generalized using reselect
and calculate functions in Arcedit.
3. Because of contradictions between sources, the digitized
coverages were then transformed with a series of piece-wise "rubber sheet"
adjustments. The composite Arcworld coverage was used for the
transformation because it is derived from a readily obtainable standard
compiled on a worldwide basis. Selected points on shorelines and inland
water bodies were the targets of the adjustment transformations.
4. The coverages comprising the three sheets in this Open-File
Report were projected to Lambert projections felt to be optimum for
presentation of these particular geographic regions.
5. The map sheets were produced in Arcplot using AML scripts.
The geologic legend was generated as a separate graphic file in Arcplot.
The Adobe Portable Document Format was created with postscript files
generated in Arcplot.
6. The ArcExplorer and Arcview projects were created with
shapefiles produced from the Arc/Info coverages. Avenue scripts were
written to customize the Arcview project for ease of use and maximum
performance with large data sets.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATA DIRECTORIES
covers Arc/Info coverages
explorer ArcExplorer projects and data
Entire directory can be copied
export GIS data in Arc/info export format and
ascii text format
metadata Metadata for data files included on this disk
permssn Permissions to distribute data on this disk
plots Files to create plots of maps featured on this disk
viewpc03 Arcview project for Windows/95/98/NT and data
Entire directory can be copied (25MB)
views03 Arcview project for all platforms and data
Entire directory can be copied (25MB)
index.txt Data Directory (DOS ascii text)
index.mac Data Directory (Macintosh text)
index.iso Data Directory (UNIX iso text)
aspac.PDF Adobe Acrobat Portable Document;
text and maps, Can be copied (23MB)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Minimum System Requirements
Intel x86 based personal computer (386 minimum, 486, Pentium or Pentium
Pro recommended), Microsoft Windows 3.1, Microsoft Windows for Workgroups,
Microsoft Windows 95/98, Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 or 4.0, 32 MB RAM
minimum, 64 MB recommended, 30 MB hard disk space.
Macintosh computer with 68020 (Macintosh II series) or greater processor.
Mac OS 7.0 or later, 4 MB RAM, 30 MB hard disk space.
Sun SPARCstation, SunOS(TM) 4.1.3 or later, or Solaris (R) 2.3, 2.4 or 2.5
operating system, OpenWindows(TM ) (version3.0 or later), Motif(TM) window
manager (1.2.3 or later), OpenLook version 3.0, or Common Desktop
Environment (C.D.E.) 1.0 and above, 12 MB of available hard disk space, 32
MB RAM.
HP workstation 9000 series workstation model 700 or 800, HP-UX(TM) 9.0.3
or later operating system, X Window System(TM), X11R5 with HP-VUE or CDE
1.0, 12 MB of hard disk space, 32 MB RAM.
Silicon Graphics workstation, IRIX(TM) 5.3 or later operating system, 12
MB hard disk space, 32 MB RAM.
IBM RS/6000 workstation, AIX(R) 4.1 or later operating system, CDE 1.0 or
Motif window manager, 12 MB hard disk space, 32 MB RAM.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRIMARY REFERENCES
Bureau of Mineral Resources, 1965,
(now Australian Geological Survey Organisation)
Geological Map of the World: Australia and Oceania,
Sheets 6, 7, 11, and 12;
scale 1:5,000,000,
14 sheets
Bureau of Mineral Resources, 1967,
(now Australian Geological Survey Organisation)
Geological Map of the World: Australia and Oceania,
Sheets 2, 3,and 8;
scale 1:5,000,000,
14 sheets
Ghose, A., Chatterjee, D., and Banerjee, J. , 1990,
Geological Map of South and East Asia, Third Edition;
UNESCO, Commission for Geological Map of the World,
Subcommission for South and East Asia,
scale 1:5,000,000,
6 sheets.
Klett T.R., Ahlbrandt, T.S., Schmoker, J.W., and Dolton, G.L., 1997,
Ranking of the World's oil and gas provinces by known petroleum volumes;
U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-463,
one CD-ROM.
New Zealand Geological Survey, 1971,
(Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Limited)
Geological Map of the World: Australia and Oceania,
Sheets 9 and 13,
Scale 1:5,000,000
14 sheets
(http://www.ngs.cri.nz)
Palfreyman, W.D., 1984,
Guide to the geology of Australia;
Bureau of Mineral Resources Bulletin 181,
111p.
Petroconsultants International Data Corp., 1996,
Petroleum exploration and production database.
(Database available from Petroconsultants International Data Corp.,
P.O. Box 740619, Houston, Texas 77274-0619).
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 1992,
ArcWorld Digital Map of the World;
1:3,000,000